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GIOTTO di Bondone
Daedalus after
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1334 Marble Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence In Greek mythology Daedalus stands as a creative worker at the beginning of all art: Daedalus, the inventor of the labyrinth and of flying, is supposed to have been the first successfully to create a sculpture with arms akimbo and parted legs. Since he is thus supposed to have given life to figures for the first time, he is considered as the very first artist. The design of this relief, though not its execution, derives from Giotto. It shows Daedalus in a striding posture on top of a cupola that acts as a launching pad. All of his energy seems directed towards lifting his heavy, feather-covered body into the air. This concentration of energy corresponds to the energy of Giotto's painted figures. With one exception, this is the only portrayal of Daedalus to exist between the era of ancient Rome and the age of the Renaissance. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Daedalus , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Baroncelli Polyptych
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1334 Tempera on wood Baroncelli Chapel, Santa Croce, Florence Mary bows her head reverently in order to receive the celestial crown from the hands of her Son. Mother and Son form a whole through their gestures, but mainly through their garments: both are clothed in radiant bright white and pink worked through with gold. The elegance of their clothing, in particular the trumpet-shaped sleeves on Christ's robe, indicates a great affinity with the style of courtly Gothic. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Baroncelli Polyptych (detail) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Madonna and Child
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1297 Tempera on wood Private collection This panel was painted for a chapel in the church Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Madonna and Child , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Last Judgment
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1306 Fresco, 1000 x 840 cm Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua This extensive depiction of the Last Judgment in the west of the church is dominated by the large Christ in Majesty at its centre. The twelve apostles sit to His left and to His right. Here the two levels divide: the heavenly host appears above, people plunge into the maw of hell below, or are led by angels towards heaven. The way this large fresco is divided into registers is traditional. But if we look at Giotto's invention in detail, then his novel attempts at visualizing different spheres, as well as abstract beliefs, become particularly apparent. In the center of the representation, Christ is enthroned as supreme Judge in a rainbow-colored mandorla. The deep, radiant gold background, the style of painting, and the delicate substance give the impression that the heavens have opened in order to reveal the powerful, extremely solidly modelled figure of Christ. Different levels are likewise alluded to when the choirs of angels disappear behind the real window, or when the celestial watch in the upper area of the picture rolls back the firmament, behind which the golden-red doors of the heavenly Jerusalem shine forth. The black and red maw of hell, which seems to anticipate Dante's "Inferno", is different again in its impact. The way in which Giotto establishes a connection between the present-day world of the faithful and the world beyond all time, the world of the Last Judgment, contains another interesting detail. The donor Scrovegni, still alive at the time, kneels next to those being resurrected and offers "his" church to the three Marys, assisted by a priest. The latter is portrayed in a most lively manner: his robes hang - painted quite illusionistically - over the arch of the portal. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Last Judgment , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Moses Brings Forth Water out of the Rock
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1304-06 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The medallion showing Moses brings forth water out of the rock is at the left side of the Marriage at Cana. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Moses Brings Forth Water out of the Rock (on the decorative band) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Jonah Swallowed up by the Whale
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1304-06 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The medallion showing Jonah swallowed up by the whale is at the left side of the Lamentation. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Jonah Swallowed up by the Whale (on the decorative band) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Last Judgement
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1306 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The detail shows Christ the judge is enclosed within a mandorla, surrounded by angels. *** Keywords: ************* Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Last Judgement (detail) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Creation of Adam
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1304-06 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The medallion showing the Creation of Adam is at the left side of the Raising of Lazarus. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Creation of Adam (on the decorative band) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Last Judgment
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1306 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua This detail represents angels located below the Apostles on the left side of the fresco. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Last Judgment (detail) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , painting
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Last Judgment
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1306 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The Blessed, men and women, representatives of the secular and the sacred, are accompanied on their ascent by angels. The differently formed, thoroughly individual heads seen in profile, the gazes, the posture of the hands and the whole bodies are focused as if spellbound on the higher goal. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Last Judgment (detail) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Last Judgment
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1306 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The ground has opened up and the naked people clamber out of their coffins. Some are still completely occupied with themselves or are helping one another; others have already raised their hands in prayer. They appear as full of hope as the ranks of the Blessed above them. There, men and women, representatives of the secular and the sacred, are accompanied on their ascent by angels. The differently formed, thoroughly individual heads seen in profile, the gazes, the posture of the hands and the whole bodies are focused as if spellbound on the higher goal. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Last Judgment (detail) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Elijah on the Fire-cart
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1304-06 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The medallion showing Elijah on the fire-cart is at the left side of the Ascension. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Elijah on the Fire-cart (on the decorative band) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Last Judgment
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1306 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Last Judgment (detail) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Decorative band with figure
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1304-06 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The band is at the left side of Joachim among the Shepherds. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Decorative band with figure , 1301-1350 School
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Last Judgment
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1306 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Last Judgment (detail) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Decorative band with figure
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1304-06 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The band is at the left side of the Marriage of the Virgin. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Decorative band with figure , 1301-1350
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Last Judgment
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1306 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The Prince of Hell, a giant monster, is enthroned on a dragon. He grabs the damned and eats them. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Last Judgment (detail) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
The Seven Vices
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1306 Fresco, 120 x 60 cm Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua Despair {Desperatio) appears as a female suicide - a demon has taken hold other soul. Giotto here uses the painted marble niche in a most impressive fashion in order to display narrative details, such as the way the beam and the rope are fastened. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: No. 47 The Seven Vices: Desperation , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Scenes from the Life of
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1304-06 Fresco, width of detail 62 cm Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Scenes from the Life of Christ: 20. Lamentation (detail) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Scenes from the Life of St John the Evangelist
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St John on Patmos (detail) 1320 Fresco, width of detail 89 cm Peruzzi Chapel, Santa Croce, Florence Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Scenes from the Life of St John the Evangelist: 1. St John on Patmos (detail) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Decorative bands
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1304-06 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The decorative bands on the walls above contain several scenes from the Old Testament and busts of saints and prophets. The Old Testament scenes are of a very modest standard, and owe their presence in the chapel to the Gothic tradition of representing parallels between the Old and New Testament. Some of the figures of saints and prophets are of very high workmanship, and among the most impressive of Giotto's repertoire. The two scenes on this wall detail are from the life of Christ: 11. Expulsion of the Money-changers from the Temple and 20. Mourning of Christ. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Decorative bands , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Decorative bands
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1304-06 Fresco Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The decorative bands on the walls above contain several scenes from the Old Testament and busts of saints and prophets. The Old Testament scenes are of a very modest standard, and owe their presence in the chapel to the Gothic tradition of representing parallels between the Old and New Testament. Some of the figures of saints and prophets are of very high workmanship, and among the most impressive of Giotto's repertoire. The two scenes on this wall detail are from the life of Christ: 8. Marriage at Cana and 23. Pentecost. *** Keywords: ************* Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Decorative bands , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
St Paul
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1290s Fresco Upper Church, San Francesco, Assisi This roundel is located on the inside wall of the fa?ade above the Ascension of Christ. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: St Paul , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Scenes from the New Testament: Lamentation
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1290s Fresco, 300 x 300 cm Upper Church, San Francesco, Assisi The fragmentary New Testament scenes on the wall of the Upper Church include Christ among the Doctors, the Baptism of Christ, the Lamentation and the Resurrection. *** Keywords: ************* Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Scenes from the New Testament: Lamentation , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Legend of St Francis: Scenes Nos
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4-6 1297-99 Fresco Upper Church, San Francesco, Assisi The walls of the nave are divided up by an illusionistic framework. The width of each bay is taken up by three scenes, more or less square in shape. The scenes from the life of St Francis are represented in triplets. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Legend of St Francis: Scenes Nos. 4-6 , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Franciscan
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1330 Fresco Lower Church, San Francesco, Assisi In a well-fortified castle, Chastity rules: only angels can enter here. In order to reach her, a long path must be followed. The representatives of the three divisions of the Franciscan order (a lay brother, a Franciscan and aClare) have climbed the hill. They too, as the middle scene shows, will be washed and dressed by angels. On the other side the extremely vivid and bizarre figures of demons are being cast into the abyss. They are Unchasteness (Immunditia) with the boar's head, Burning Desire (Ardor) with the flaming head, and Love (Amor) with the clawed feet and the hearts tied around him. The round is completed by the spider-legged, devilish Death (Mors). Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Franciscan Allegories: Allegory of Chastity , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Allegory of Chastity
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1330 Fresco Lower Church, San Francesco, Assisi Extremely vivid and bizarre figures of demons are being cast into the abyss. They are Unchasteness (Immunditia) with the boar's head, Burning Desire (Ardor) with the flaming head, and Love (Amor) with the clawed feet and the hearts tied around him. The round is completed by the spider-legged, devilish Death (Mors). Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: Franciscan Allegories: Allegory of Chastity (detail) , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Birth of Jesus
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1304-06 Fresco, 200 x 185 cm Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua The simple shelter under which the Virgin and her Child seek refuge is situated in the middle of a bleak rocky landscape. Mary turns on her side on the bed in order to receive the new-born baby from the arms of a midwife ?a natural and spontaneous gesture, which is captured by the way mother and child look at one another. Although on the periphery, this exchange of glances seems to be the actual centre of the portrayal, which is expanded to include the scene of the Annunciation to the shepherds. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: No. 17 Scenes from the Life of Christ: 1. Nativity: Birth of Jesus , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Flight into Egypt
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1304-06 Fresco, 200 x 185 cm Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua On a narrow rocky path, the procession seems to move past the viewer. Equipped with everyday objects, everyone is in motion, looking at one another and talking to one another - only the Virgin Mary sits still and unmoving. The statuesque nature other upright position is further reinforced by the rock behind. Although the child is as natural as can be, the central figures in the picture thus stand out from their surroundings and have a sublime effect. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: No. 20 Scenes from the Life of Christ: 4. Flight into Egypt , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Massacre of the Innocents
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1304-06 Fresco, 200 x 185 cm Cappella Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua A great number of slaughtered children lie on the ground. A soldier stands over the corpses and, at the command of King Herod (who appears in the painting himself), snatches a baby boy from his mother. The women scream, weep and try to protect their children. The men on the other side turn away, crushed and ashamed. Artist: GIOTTO di Bondone Painting Title: No. 21 Scenes from the Life of Christ: 5. Massacre of the Innocents , 1301-1350 Painting Style: Italian , , religious
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GIOTTO di Bondone
Italian Early Renaissance Painter, 1267-1337
Italian painter and designer. In his own time and place he had an unrivalled reputation as the best painter and as an innovator, superior to all his predecessors, and he became the first post-Classical artist whose fame extended beyond his lifetime and native city. This was partly the consequence of the rich literary culture of two of the cities where he worked, Padua and Florence. Writing on art in Florence was pioneered by gifted authors and, although not quite art criticism, it involved the comparison of local artists in terms of quality. The most famous single appreciation is found in Dante's verses (Purgatory x) of 1315 or earlier. Exemplifying the transience of fame, first with poets and manuscript illuminators, Dante then remarked that the fame of Cimabue, who had supposed himself to be the leader in painting, had now been displaced by Giotto. Ironically, this text was one factor that forestalled the similar eclipse of Giotto's fame, which was clearly implied by the poet.
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