LEONARDO da Vinci The Baptism of Christ (detail) sg Painting ID:: 7844 LEONARDO da Vinci1.jpg
The Baptism of Christ (detail) sg 1472-75
Oil on wood
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $89
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $109
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $139
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $169
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $249
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $459
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $99
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $119
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $159
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $199
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $269
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$469
LEONARDO da Vinci Annunciation (detail) dg Painting ID:: 7846 LEONARDO da Vinci3.jpg
Annunciation (detail) dg 1472-75
Oil and tempera on wood
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Annunciation (detail) sg77 Painting ID:: 7847 LEONARDO da Vinci4.jpg
Annunciation (detail) sg77 1472-75
Oil and tempera on wood
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Annunciation (detail) dfe Painting ID:: 7848 LEONARDO da Vinci5.jpg
Annunciation (detail) dfe 1472-75
Oil and tempera on wood
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Annunciation (detail) st Painting ID:: 7849 LEONARDO da Vinci6.jpg
Annunciation (detail) st 1472-75
Oil and tempera on wood
Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Madonna and Child with a Pomegranate et Painting ID:: 7850 LEONARDO da Vinci7.jpg
Madonna and Child with a Pomegranate et 1472-76
Oil on panel, 15,7 x 12,8 cm
National Gallery of Art, Washington
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Portrait of Ginevra de' Benci sg Painting ID:: 7851 LEONARDO da Vinci8.jpg
Portrait of Ginevra de' Benci sg 1474-46
Oil on wood, 38,8 x 36,7 cm
National Gallery of Art, Washington
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Reverse side of the portrait of Ginevra de' Benci sg Painting ID:: 7852 LEONARDO da Vinci9.jpg
Reverse side of the portrait of Ginevra de' Benci sg 1474-46
Oil on wood, 38,8 x 36,7 cm
National Gallery of Art, Washington
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Madonna with a Flower (Madonna Benois) g Painting ID:: 7853 LEONARDO da Vinci10.jpg
Madonna with a Flower (Madonna Benois) g c. 1478
Oil on canvas transferred from wood, 50 x 32 cm
The Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci The Madonna of the Carnation g Painting ID:: 7854 LEONARDO da Vinci11.jpg
The Madonna of the Carnation g 1478-80
Oil on panel, 62 x 47,5 cm
Alte Pinakothek, Munich
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci The Madonna of the Carnation (detail) sg Painting ID:: 7855 LEONARDO da Vinci12.jpg
The Madonna of the Carnation (detail) sg 1478-80
Oil on panel
Alte Pinakothek, Munich
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $89
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $109
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $139
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $169
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $249
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $459
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $99
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $119
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $159
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $199
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $269
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$469
LEONARDO da Vinci The Madonna of the Carnation (detail) dg Painting ID:: 7856 LEONARDO da Vinci13.jpg
The Madonna of the Carnation (detail) dg 1478-80
Oil on panel, width of detail: 25 cm
Alte Pinakothek, Munich
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Annunciation (detail) fg47 Painting ID:: 7857 LEONARDO da Vinci14.jpg
Annunciation (detail) fg47 1478-82
Oil on panel
Mus??e du Louvre, Paris
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Annunciation (detail) ey79 Painting ID:: 7858 LEONARDO da Vinci15.jpg
Annunciation (detail) ey79 1478-82
Oil on panel
Mus??e du Louvre, Paris
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci St Jerome sgyu Painting ID:: 7859 LEONARDO da Vinci16.jpg
St Jerome sgyu c. 1480
Oil on panel, 103 x 75 cm
Pinacoteca Vaticana, Vatican, Rome
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Portrait of a Musician dey Painting ID:: 7860 LEONARDO da Vinci17.jpg
Portrait of a Musician dey 1490
Oil on panel, 43 x 31 cm
Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci La belle Ferronire dg Painting ID:: 7861 LEONARDO da Vinci18.jpg
La belle Ferronire dg c. 1490
Oil on panel, 63 x 45 cm
Muse du Louvre, Paris
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Madonna Litta ey Painting ID:: 7862 LEONARDO da Vinci19.jpg
Madonna Litta ey c. 1490-91
Tempera on canvas, transferred from panel, 42 x 33 cm
The Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Madonna Litta (detail sdg Painting ID:: 7863 LEONARDO da Vinci20.jpg
Madonna Litta (detail sdg c. 1490-91
Tempera on canvas, transferred from panel
The Hermitage, St. Petersburg
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci The Refectory with the Last Supper after restoration g Painting ID:: 7864 LEONARDO da Vinci21.jpg
The Refectory with the Last Supper after restoration g 1498
Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci The Last Supper sgu Painting ID:: 7865 LEONARDO da Vinci22.jpg
The Last Supper sgu 1498
Mixed technique, 460 x 880 cm
Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci The Last Supper (detail) sg Painting ID:: 7866 LEONARDO da Vinci23.jpg
The Last Supper (detail) sg 1498
Mixed technique
Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Ceiling decoration yy Painting ID:: 7867 LEONARDO da Vinci24.jpg
Ceiling decoration yy 1496-98
Fresco and tempera
Sala delle Asse, Castello Sforzesco, Milan
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Mona Lisa (La Gioconda) sdg Painting ID:: 7868 LEONARDO da Vinci25.jpg
Mona Lisa (La Gioconda) sdg c. 1503-5
Oil on panel, 77 x 53 cm
Mus??e du Louvre, Paris
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Mona Lisa (detail) dyk Painting ID:: 7869 LEONARDO da Vinci26.jpg
Mona Lisa (detail) dyk 1503-5
Oil on panel
Mus??e du Louvre, Paris
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Mona Lisa (detail) dhu Painting ID:: 7870 LEONARDO da Vinci27.jpg
Mona Lisa (detail) dhu 1503-5
Oil on panel
Mus??e du Louvre, Paris
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Mona Lisa (detail) r y Painting ID:: 7871 LEONARDO da Vinci28.jpg
Mona Lisa (detail) r y 1503-5
Oil on panel
Mus??e du Louvre, Paris
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci Female head (La Scapigliata) wt Painting ID:: 7872 LEONARDO da Vinci29.jpg
Female head (La Scapigliata) wt c. 1508
Oil on panel, 27 x 21 cm
Galleria Nazionale, Parma
Please Select Standard Painting Size
high quality:16x20 (40x51cm)
= $65
high quality:20x24 (51x61cm)
= $85
high quality:24x36 (61x91cm)
= $129
high quality:30x40 (76x102cm)
= $139
high quality:36x48 (91x122cm)
= $209
high quality:48x72 (122x182cm)
= $389
museum quality:16x20
(40x51cm) = $69
museum quality:20x24
(51x61cm) = $89
museum quality:24x36
(61x91cm) = $139
museum quality:30x40
(76x102cm) = $149
museum quality:36x48
(91x122cm) = $219
museum quality:48x72(122x182cm)=$399
LEONARDO da Vinci The Virgin and Child with St Anne ey Painting ID:: 7873 LEONARDO da Vinci30.jpg
The Virgin and Child with St Anne ey c. 1510
Oil on wood, 168 x 130 cm
Mus??e du Louvre, Paris
Next Artist
LEONARDO da Vinci
Italian High Renaissance Painter and Inventor, 1452-1519
Italian High Renaissance Painter and Inventor, 1452-1519 Florentine Renaissance man, genius, artist in all media, architect, military engineer. Possibly the most brilliantly creative man in European history, he advertised himself, first of all, as a military engineer. In a famous letter dated about 1481 to Ludovico Sforza, of which a copy survives in the Codice Atlantico in Milan, Leonardo asks for employment in that capacity. He had plans for bridges, very light and strong, and plans for destroying those of the enemy. He knew how to cut off water to besieged fortifications, and how to construct bridges, mantlets, scaling ladders, and other instruments. He designed cannon, very convenient and easy of transport, designed to fire small stones, almost in the manner of hail??grape- or case-shot (see ammunition, artillery). He offered cannon of very beautiful and useful shapes, quite different from those in common use and, where it is not possible to employ cannon ?? catapults, mangonels and trabocchi and other engines of wonderful efficacy not in general use. And he said he made armoured cars, safe and unassailable, which will enter the serried ranks of the enemy with their artillery ?? and behind them the infantry will be able to follow quite unharmed, and without any opposition. He also offered to design ships which can resist the fire of all the heaviest cannon, and powder and smoke. The large number of surviving drawings and notes on military art show that Leonardo claims were not without foundation, although most date from after the Sforza letter. Most of the drawings, including giant crossbows (see bows), appear to be improvements on existing machines rather than new inventions. One exception is the drawing of a tank dating from 1485-8 now in the British Museum??a flattened cone, propelled from inside by crankshafts, firing guns. Another design in the British Museum, for a machine with scythes revolving in the horizontal plane, dismembering bodies as it goes, is gruesomely fanciful. Most of the other drawings are in the Codice Atlantico in Milan but some are in the Royal Libraries at Windsor and Turin, in Venice, or the Louvre and the École des Beaux Arts in Paris. Two ingenious machines for continuously firing arrows, machine-gun style, powered by a treadmill are shown in the Codice Atlantico. A number of other sketches of bridges, water pumps, and canals could be for military or civil purposes: dual use technology. Leonardo lived at a time when the first artillery fortifications were appearing and the Codice Atlantico contains sketches of ingenious fortifications combining bastions, round towers, and truncated cones. Models constructed from the drawings and photographed in Calvi works reveal forts which would have looked strikingly modern in the 19th century, and might even feature in science fiction films today. On 18 August 1502 Cesare Borgia appointed Leonardo as his Military Engineer General, although no known building by Leonardo exists. Leonardo was also fascinated by flight. Thirteen pages with drawings for man-powered aeroplanes survive and there is one design for a helicoidal helicopter. Leonardo later realized the inadequacy of the power a man could generate and turned his attention to aerofoils. Had his enormous abilities been concentrated on one thing, he might have invented the modern glider.